INTRODUCTION
Peter Speak to the Jewish Christians in Jerusalem
1: Now the apostles and the brethren who were throughout Judea heard that the Gentiles also had received the word of God. 2: And when Peter came up to Jerusalem, those who were circumcised took issue with him,
Peter may have stayed in Caesarea for weeks.
He undoubtedly felt the need to instruct the new Gentile
converts.
While Peter was in Caesarea, the news of the Gentile
conversion reached the Jewish believers in Jerusalem; who became angered.
3: saying, “You went to uncircumcised men and ate with them” 4 But Peter began speaking and proceeded to explain to them in orderly sequence, saying, 5 “I was in the city of Joppa praying; and in a trance I saw a vision, an object coming down like a great sheet lowered by four corners from the sky; and it came right down to me, 6 and when I had fixed my gaze on it and was observing it I saw the four-footed animals of the earth and the wild beasts and the crawling creatures and the birds of the air.
Far to often we hear half of the story and draw wrong
conclusions.
Peter, who in the past, was of an impatient nature, now
took the time to explain his actions.
Now Luke could have just said “ Peter explained” and left it
at that.
He must have felt this story was important because he
repeats the entire story again.
And indeed! it is important for us as well as the
ancient Gentile.
This story shows that God loves all his children not
just a chosen few.
The Jewish Christian’s, as with their brothers, were
totally hung-up on the old testament law concerning the sign of the covenant
between God and the Jews.
The circumcision of each male was a permanent physical
sign of this covenant.
7 “I also heard a voice saying to me, ‘Get up, Peter; kill and eat.’ 8 “But I said, ‘By no means, Lord, for nothing unholy or unclean has ever entered my mouth.’ 9: “But a voice from heaven answered a second time, ‘What God has cleansed, no longer consider unholy.’ 10: “This happened three times, and everything was drawn back up into the sky.
Note how Luke made sure to mention that this story of
the unfolded sheet was told three times.
The number three being the number of completion
according to Jewish tradition.
From this point on we will see if this tradition holds
true.
11 : “And behold, at that moment three men appeared at the house in which we were staying, having been sent to me from Caesarea. 12 “The Spirit told me to go with them without misgivings. These six brethren also went with me and we entered the man’s house.
The total number of travelers were seven; another
significant number in Jewish traditions.
We will soon see the significance of Peter bringing six
brethren with him.
Peter entered the house of a Roman
centurion, a Gentile up to this point considered as unclean.
There was no need to mention Cornelius’s name or
position for it was already known.
Because of the vision Peter no longer saw the Gentile as
unclean; and his actions were validated by the six witnesses.
The total number of travelers were seven; another
significant number in Jewish traditions.
In Egyptian and Roman law to prove a witnesses account
it required 6 additional witnesses.
This means the total number of witnesses would then be
seven.
“7-Seven is one of the greatest power numbers in Judaism,
representing Creation, good fortune, and blessing. A Hebrew word for
luck, gad, equals seven in gematria. Another Hebrew word for luck, mazal, equals
seventy-seven.” [6]
Romans denoted something was important by putting 7
marks in the margin
13 “And he reported to us how he had seen the angel standing in his house, and saying, ‘Send to Joppa and have Simon, who is also called Peter, brought here; 14: and he will speak words to you by which you will be saved, you and all your household.’
I found the follow commentary interesting:
“The historian makes the angel express
this much more generally ( Acts 10:6 ).
So also the subsequent report of it by the deputies and by Cornelius himself to
Peter ( Acts
10:22 Acts
10:32 ). But as Peter tarried with Cornelius certain days,
and they doubtless talked over the wonderful scene together, perhaps this
fuller and richer form of what the angel said was given to Peter; or the
apostle himself may have expressed what
the angel certainly designed by directing them to send for
him. Observe, "salvation" is here made to hang upon "words,"
that is, the Gospel message concerning Christ. But on the "salvation"
of Cornelius, and that of his "house,“ [2]
15 “And as I began to speak, the Holy Spirit fell upon them just as He did upon us at the beginning. 16: “And I remembered the word of the Lord, how He used to say, ‘John baptized with water, but you will be baptized with the Holy Spirit.’
By this statement Peter was pointing to the fact that
God had placed the Gentiles on the same equal plane as they.
The first Baptism was in the name of Jesus, and was
accomplished to ordain and sanctify the recipient(s) into the new church.
The second baptism was of the Holy Spirit; who would
fill them completely; giving them power and useful gifts.
These gifts of course, were to be used for the
betterment of the new church.
17 “Therefore if God gave to them the same gift as He gave to us also after believing in the Lord Jesus Christ, who was I that I could stand in God’s way?” 18: When they heard this, they quieted down and glorified God, saying, “Well then, God has granted to the Gentiles also the repentance that leads to life.”
“To "grant repentance unto
life"--that is, "such as issues in life" (compare 2 Corinthians
7:10 ,
"repentance unto salvation")--is more than to be willing to pardon
upon repentance [GROTIUS].” [2]
A person must regret his/her sin in order to repent and
seek forgiveness.
The Church at Antioch
19: So then those who were scattered because of the persecution that occurred in connection with Stephen made their way to Phoenicia and Cyprus and Antioch, speaking the word to no one except to Jews alone.
These people evidently had not yet heard of Peter’s
apostatizing of Cornelius a Gentile.
They considered the Gentile as unclean in accordance
with Jewish customs of that time, and therefore did not associate with the
Gentile.
Church planting and mentoring would be given to Paul a
Roman citizen and Jewish Christian.
20: But there were some of them, men of Cyprus and cayenne, who came to Antioch, and began speaking to the Greeks also, preaching the Lord Jesus.
“The Gospel had, from the first, been preached to
"the Grecians" or Greek-speaking Jews, and these
"men of Cyprus and Cyrene" were themselves "Grecians." How
then, can we suppose that the historian would note, as something new and
singular ( Acts 11:22 ), that some of
the dispersed Christians preached to them?” [2]
21: And the hand of the Lord was with them, and a large number who believed turned to the Lord. 22: The news about them reached the ears of the church at Jerusalem, and they sent Barnabas off to Antioch.
We see now that Cornelius was not the first
uncircumcised Gentile to be welcomed into the church.
The important thing to remember here as far as we know
Cornelius was the first Roman officer to be baptized into the church
In verse 22 we see Barnabas being sent to Antioch.
According to Acts
4:36 Barnabas
was a Cypriot Jew. Which is to say he was from Cyprus, and
therefore spoke Greek.
He was a disciple living in Jerusalem.
It is interesting to note here that in both the basic
Bible and King James translation use the term “as far as Antioch”
This indicates that perhaps he was to stop at and
establish or report on churches along the way.
In verses 22-24 we no sense of anger from the Jews in
the Jerusalem church.
I believe that Barnabas was sent out as an emissary of
the Christian Jews in Jerusalem to Antioch and to bring back a report as to
what was happening in Antioch.
23: Then when he arrived and witnessed the grace of God, he rejoiced and began to encourage them all with resolute heart to remain true to the Lord; 24: for he was a good man, and full of the Holy Spirit and of faith. And considerable numbers were brought to the Lord.
Barnabas rejoiced when he arrived at Antioch for what
God was doing there.
Barnabas lived up to the meaning of his name (one who
encourages)
Many people were brought to the Lord. Although Barnabas did not need to teach the believers; it is
evident that he did preach to those who were not believers; “for many were
brought to the Lord”.
25: And he left for Tarsus to look for Saul; 26: and when he had found him, he brought him to Antioch. And for an Entire year. They met with the church and taught considerable numbers; and the disciples were 1st called Christians in Antioch.
At this time Saul had already had been dispatched to
Tarsus.
He soon realized that Antioch was ready for a rich
harvest of believers and proceeded to Tarsus to ask Saul to chair as a
co-pastor.
“Barnabas was the first to take the converted persecutor
by the hand and procure his recognition as a disciple by the brethren at
Jerusalem ( Acts 9:27 )” [3]
The name Christians (‘Christianoi’ in Greek) did not
come from within the new church, but rather was coined by the heathens in
Antioch and not by their Jewish rivals who called them simply, Nazarenes.
They called the believers Christians’ at first not to
honor them nor to honor the new church but rather it was out of contempt, as
reported in Acts 26:28 , and 1 Peter 4:16 .
However over the years this name has become synonymous
with our Lord and savior.
The new church
proudly retained the name Christians’ because it brought honor to Jesus.
27: Now at this time some Prophets came down from Jerusalem to Antioch. 28: One of them named Agabus stood up and began to Indicate by the spirit that there would certainly be a great famine all over the world. And this took place in the region of Claudius.
There was an order or class identified by Paul in 1 Corinthians
12:28 1 Corinthians
12:29 , Ephesians 4:11 ). Which placed
Prophets second only to the apostles.
These prophets often told of things yet to come.
Teachers were third.
The gift of various kinds of tongues surprisingly was
listed as last.
“Verses 27-30 Claudius was the Emperor
from AD 41-54. During this time, there were 5 famines in the*Roman empire. They
happened in different parts of it. Actually, 5 writers recorded that they
happened. One was the Jewish writer Josephus (AD 37-100). He wrote about a
*famine in Judea. It happened between AD 44 and 48. But the believers in
Antioch knew that it would happen. They knew because Agabus
had told them about it. So, they could prepare for it. They had not met the
believers in Judea. But the believers in Antioch knew that both the groups
belonged to God’s family now. So, they helped the believers [2]
28. In that there
should be great drought throughout all the world--the
whole Roman empire.
which came to pass in the days of Claudius Cæsar--Four famines occurred during his reign. This one in Judea and the adjacent countries took place, A.D. 41 [JOSEPHUS, Antiquities, 20.2,5].An important date for tracing out the chronology of the Acts. (But this subject is too difficult and extensive to admit of being handled here) [2]
which came to pass in the days of Claudius Cæsar--Four famines occurred during his reign. This one in Judea and the adjacent countries took place, A.D. 41 [JOSEPHUS, Antiquities, 20.2,5].An important date for tracing out the chronology of the Acts. (But this subject is too difficult and extensive to admit of being handled here) [2]
Judea.
29: And in the proportion that any of the disciples had means, each of them Determined to send a contribution for the relief of the brethren living in Judea. 30: And this they did, sending it in charge of Barnabas and Saul to the elders.
This was the second visit to Jerusalem by Saul after his
conversion.
This was a clear example of Christian love.
Note here that each giver was to give according to his
ability to do so.
The donations were given to the elders by Saul and
Barnabas so the donation would be blessed and distributed as needed.
By this example of love we all are guided to give money,
talents, and devotion as we are able.
[4] – Wikipedia. Org
[5] – The student Bible dictionary –
Karen Dockery, Johnnie Godwin, Phyllis Goodwin
[6] – Jewish tradition values some numbers