1st Corinthians Chapter 12 - Spiritual Gifts and Body Unity

 

[Hyperlinks (shown underlined in blue) are links to the Blue Letter Bible.]

Introduction

1 Corinthians 12

Paul separates this chapter into two sections. The first section is an explanation of the gifts of the Spirit. In chapter 12, the reader is told that there are different gifts given at the Holy Spirit's discretion. These gifts are given for the advantage of the church. The second part of this chapter concerns the unity of the body, how some parts should not be prized above other parts. God places each part for his purpose. As in the natural body, when one part is injured or sick, the entire body feels the pain.

Chapter 12 Outline

Gifts of the Spirit …………………………………… 1-11

There are different kinds of gifts, but the same Spirit distributes them…….      4

Now to each one the manifestation of the Spirit is given for the common good.    7

Unity of the Body ……………………………………. 12-31

But in fact God has placed the parts in the body, every one of them, just as he wanted them to be if one part suffers, every part suffers.  18

with it; if one part is honored, every part rejoices with it. 26

 

Chapter 12 Inductive Bible Study

Verses 1-11 gifts of the Holy Spirit.

In your observations of the first section of this chapter, how would you markup the text?

The choice is yours on how to markup the section. The critical thing to remember is that these stressed words and phrases bear further investigation. For example, in verse one, the phrase, brothers, and sisters.

Paul brought attention to these questions through using the principles of literary structure, namely “explanation”.

 

Your observations should spawn questions.

In verse 2, The phrase influenced and led astray begs the question; what was bringing the influence (V2)?

In verse 3, Paul brings up phrases needing further clarification. Why did Paul say no one except the Holy Spirit could say “Jesus is Lord”?

In verse 4, Paul speaks of the Holy Spirit's gifts with two phrases summing up the Spirits gifts. What are the different kinds of gifts given by the Spirit?

In verse 5, Paul speaks of different kinds of service. Is there a connection between the service and the gifts?

How is one to know what kind of gifts he/she has received? The phrase manifestation of the Spirit found in verse 6 and 7 need further clarification.

In verse 8, Paul speaks of two messages given by the same Spirit. What is the “message of wisdom”? What is the message of knowledge”?

Verse 9-10 list different gifts given by the Holy Spirit. Faith, healing, prophecy, distinguishing between spirits, speaking in tongues, and interpretation of tongues.

 

As you can see, we have incorporated both steps of observation, literary principles of structure, and finding the details (who, what, where, and when.

This incorporation was done to show the progression of word and phrase identity to questions to be answered.

We now will find the answers to the questions generated during our observations.

We will take each question during the interpretation phase and research the answers, first using Scripture, then outside authoritative sources.

 

Why are both brothers and sisters named by Paul (V1)?

In earlier translations, you will find the name brethren used instead of brothers and sisters. Brethren is an inclusive word meaning brothers and sisters. The Greek word is adelphos G80, although masculine none the less means brothers and sisters in Christ.

 

Are both brothers and sisters in Christ going to receive gifts?

Because Paul uses the inclusive term brethren, both males and females receive Spiritual gifts as determined by the Spirit. Every individual who believes Jesus is the messiah will be given faith, or in Greek pistis G4102, (see alsoV11). Faith goes deeper than belief; after all, even the demons believe Jas 2:19 NIV. Having faith in Jesus involves a commitment to and trust in Him for the deliverance from the damnation of your eternal soul (see G4100, pisteuō).

 

The phrase influenced and led astray by whom or what? (V2).

Before the Gentiles (pagans) salvation, they worship mute man crafted god idols. The custom of pagan worship involved worshiping many idols, which led them away from worshiping the one true God.

Why did Paul say only the Holy Spirit could say “Jesus is Lord”?

The word Lord comes from the Greek word kyrios G2962 a masculine noun, meaning “he to whom a person or thing belongs …” (BLB, 2021). It is through the work of the Holy Spirit, who testifies of Christ Jesus (Ref: 1Co 12:3, Rom 8:16,  Heb 10:15, 1Jo 5:6). Therefore anyone who the Spirit speaks through or as the Spirit dictates does not say “Jesus be cursed” and say that “Jesus is Lord”.

 What are the different kinds of gifts given by the Spirit (V4-7)?

The gifts of the Holy Spirit are enumerated in verses 8-10. Two of the gifts’ wisdom and knowledge are listed in a message.

 Is there a connection between the service and the gifts (V5)?

Most definitely, there is a connection. The connection is stated in verse 7, “… for the common good”. The Spirit gives gifts as needed for service to the Lord. The common good spoken of (V7) is the church (the body of believers).

 What is the “message of wisdom and knowledge” (V8)?

The word message is translated from the Greek word logos g3056. Logos is a noun, meaning word.

The word wisdom is the feminine noun Sophia, G4678, meaning knowledge of the spiritual realm rather than the natural realm. Putting this all together, the Holy Spirit gives some the ability to speak words of wisdom to others of the spiritual realm's unseen things.

 Section Summary

Verses 1-11

You may find it helpful when writing the chapter summary to compose a short section summary at the end of each section.

For Example:

The Holy Spirit's gifts, Paul instructed them not to be jealous of gifts given to another. Gifts are given by the Spirit, as He deems profitable for the common good of the church. 

Verses 12-31
Unity of the Body. After reading these verses you should have several questions.

Some of these question involve a word study.

 Baptism:

What does the word baptism mean?

How is baptism used elsewhere in Scripture?

Are people always baptized by full submersion in water?

Can a person receive salvation without being baptized?

Why did John baptize Christ Jesus?

Is water essential in all forms of baptism?

What is the Christian & Missionary Alliance view of baptism?

What does Paul mean by saying “we were all given the one Spirit to drink”?

Why did John baptize Christ Jesus?

 Interpretation of verses 12-31.

Begin by answering the questions identified in your section observations. What does it all mean? We will begin with a word study.

 What does the word baptism mean? The transliteration of baptism in Greek is baptizō G907 used as a verb meaning to wash or cleans.

 How is the term baptism used elsewhere in Scripture?Strong's Number G907 matches the Greek βαπτίζω (baptizō), which occurs 80 times in 65 verses in the Greek concordance of the KJV.

There is not enough time to review all 65 verses. However, we will review a few.

 Are people always baptized by full submersion in water?

Mat 3:11 John reveals a different kind of baptism. Jhn 1:33 baptism by the Holy Spirit. Jhn 4:1  Pharisees believed Jesus baptizes more than John. Jhn 4:2  Jesus’s disciples baptized. Act 2:38 Be baptized and receive the Holy Spirit. Act 8:16 baptism alone does not save.

 Can a person receive salvation without being baptized?

Salvation comes by faith, baptism signifies the penitents sharing in Christs death, burial and resurrection (Act 8:12, Act 19:4). Paul taught salvation is through faith in Jesus the Messiah, the Son of God (Rom 1:5-6).

Salvation is received through a belief in LORD ⁿ¹ Jesus  Act 4:12,  Eph 1:13).

 Why was Christ Jesus baptized by John?

Jesus was without sin and yet submitted himself to John for baptism. John ask Jesus this question, and Jesus replied to fulfil all righteousness ( Mat 3:15). Jesus was to keep the law and fulfill the prophecies.

The prophet Isaiah foretold of one crying in the wilderness make way for the coming of the LORD (Isa 40:3).

Is water essential in all forms of baptism?

NO! Although the word baptizō  G907, as previously stated, means submersion. See also vines dictionary for baptizō The 12 apostles were baptized by the Holy Spirit (Luk 3:16) without water submersion.

 What is the Christian & Missionary Alliance perspectives on baptism?

“Jesus introduced water baptism in connection with His Great Commission (Matthew 28:19). He said that new disciples were to be baptized in the Name of the Triune God: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. The Alliance believes Jesus meant this to be a permanent practice, and Alliance churches encourage water baptism¹.”

“Immersion in the baptismal waters symbolizes the end of the old way of life and the resurrection of a new life.” For further information on baptism and other beliefs, please visit the CMA website.

 What does Paul mean by saying we were all given the one Spirit to drink?

Paul uses imagery here to clarify “the one body” expression. When garments are dyed the same color, they are submerged into the same vat to drink the same dye. When baptized, we are immersed beneath the water, then raised out of the water. This process is in the name of the Father, Son, and Spirit and symbolizes the death, burial, and resurrection of Jesus.

 What was Paul’s concern and a central message in this section?

We will see this question answered in the section summary.

 

Section Summary

Verses 11-31

Body (the church) unity is the main theme of this section. Paul uses the parts of the human body metaphorically to illustrate how no one part is more important than another. All body parts work together for the common good of the body. 

Chapter Summary

The church in Corinth was divided into several issues. On the issue of the Holy Spirit's gifts, Paul instructed them not to be jealous of gifts given to another. Gifts are given by the Spirit, as He deems profitable for the common good of the church. Body (the church) unity is the main theme of this section. Paul uses the parts of the human body metaphorically to illustrate how no one part is more important than another. All body parts work together for the common good of the body. 

 

  

Bibliography

 [1] Editors, CMA Staff. “Alliance Perspectives.” The Alliance. Christian missionary alliance organization, 2020. Last modified 2020.

Accessed October 30, 2020. https://www.cmalliance.org/about/beliefs/perspectives/.

Notes:

The Blue Letter Bible was used for Scripture reference and Stongs Concordance references.

 [n1] In the CSB translation of Scripture when lord is all in caps it means Jehovah. Jehovah is the Latin translation for the Hebrew יְהֹוָה‎ Yəhōwā the Hebrew name of God.

 

1st Corinthians Chapter 11 (The Lords Supper)

 

1st Corinthians 11

Chapter Outline

Chapter introduction                                  I

Instruction about head covering           2-16

The Lord’s supper                                16-26

Self-examination                                  27-34  

1^st Corinthians 11

Introduction

Paul divided the eleventh chapter into three main sections: (1) instructions of head covering. The first section explains the history behind the Hebrew custom of the covering of the head while worshiping God. We will explore this subject as we interpret this section. (2) The "LORDS supper," as Paul calls it, is a sacred symbolic sharing of the body and blood of Jesus the Christ. Paul explains why Christians celebrate this custom and what it signifies. (3) Self-examination. Examine oneself for sin and the symbolism of the elements before taking the elements of the Lord's supper. 

1^st Corinthians 11:2-16

Instructions on Head Covering

Words to research:

•      Traditions

•      Prophesies

•      Dishonors

•      Glory

Significant phases to research:

•      “Christ is the head of every man”

•      “man is the head of the woman”

•      “God is the head of Christ”

•      “dishonors his head”

•      “dishonors her head”

•      “her head shaved”

•      “he is the image and glory of God”

•      “woman is the glory of man”.

•      “a symbol of authority”.

•      her head uncovered

•      “because of the angels”.

•      According to Jewish custom; if a man has long hair, it is a disgrace to him

In your detailed observation, you will come up with questions then answer them in the interpretation phase.

•      Is there a hierarchy in mankind’s relationship to God?

•      If so, is it applicable today?

•      Do traditions or customs carry the force of law?

•      Why is a woman's hair a symbol of authority to angels (V10)?

•      Why did the author need to clarify relationships?

•      What is the key verse in this section?

•      Why is the Hebrew custom of long hair on men a disgrace?

•      Why is a shaven head on a woman a disgrace?

 

Our interpretation will address important words and phrases identified and answer questions brought to light in our observation of the section.

•      “Tradition” (V2) is translated from the Greek word “paradosis” G3862, a feminine noun, which has two applicable meanings in Vine's Expository Dictionary of New Testament Words.

•      In a broad sense, it means the same today as it did in ancient times.

•      Instructions or customs passed down.

•      Does tradition carry the same weight as law?

•      The Jewish cultural traditions were passed down by Rabbis, who interpreted the law [n3].

•      All Scripture is inspired by the Holy Spirit.

•      Hebrew traditions, although based in Hebrew law, have been established through interpretation and may differ from one Rabbi to the other.

•      In our Bible, we will find different words used in different translations.

•      Researching words will often show more than one meaning.

•      This is where context comes in.

•      Is having long hair breaking Hebrew law?

•      Yes, and no!

•      Lev 19:27 states, men are not to cut the hair on the sides of their head. 

•      Traditions

•      Over time, traditions often become doctrine.

•      For example, the Roman Catholic church’s liturgy, such as the Eucharistic service (Holy Communion).

•      Although not law, this tradition complies with Jesus’s command to remember Him.

•      Christians regularly practice Communion in faith and reverence

•      The Roman Catholic Church believes that the wine becomes the blood of Christ (Transubstantiation).

•      “Transubstantiation is a religious term used to describe what happens when the bread and wine used at Mass are turned into Christ’s actual body and blood.”¹

 

•      What did Jesus say about the wine in the cup?

•      Matthew twenty six records the events of the last Passover supper.

•      Mat 26:28 Jesus states “this is my blood of the covenant,...” (all available translations say these words”

•      Is there a Hebrew law forbidding the drinking of blood?

•      Gen 9:4 forbids the eating of flesh with its blood.

•      We know that Jesus followed Jewish law because He said: I have not come to destroy the law … but to fulfill (Mat 5:17).

•      These facts leave us with only one conclusion, Jesus calling the wine blood did so in a symbolic sense.

•      Look first at Bible usages of the word blood (G129 haima)

•      1. B or C would make sense in the context it is written.

•      Definition found in Vines expository dictionary clarifies how the word blood is used (A-1, d.)

•      There are several examples where haima (blood) is used as a metaphor (Rev 17:6; Mat 16:17; Eph 6:12; Gen29:14).

We discovered several significant phrases pertaining to the head of the believer male and female.

•      This was a “tradition” based in Hebrew antiquity.

•      The Jew would wear a head covering as a statement of his unworthiness or humility.

•      Verses 2-16 deal with head covering to include the length of hair.

•      Paul established what appears to be a hierarchy in verse 3, with God (the Father) as the head (kephalē G2776).

•      Refer to Vines Expository dictionary G2776 Ba for an explanation.

•      The head is the seat of the soul and the spirit and the body submits to the head.

•      God (the Father) is the head of Jesus the son of man.

•      Incarnate Jesus submitted to the Father.

•      Man was created by the triune God through and for the Son.

•      The anointed one of God (Jesus) is the head of every man

 

•      Therefore we can deduce that the head is a metaphor for the seat of the soul and spirit The head rules the body as Christ rules the churchV4.

•      To cover the head is to conceal the glory,  God’s gift to man, of a soul and spirit.

•      Therefore to prophesize or pray with the head covered is concealing or disgracing God’s gift.

•      Man (Adam) was formed by God (‘Elohiym) from the dust of His creation.

•      Woman (Eve) was created by God from man.

•      God the Son as the creator is the head of every man.

•      Because God breathed life into the man (Gen 2:7).

•      Because woman was created out of man, the man is her head, as Christ is man’s head.

•      The woman’s crown of glory is said to be her hair.

•      See also Outline of Bible usage

According to Jewish tradition, it is a disgrace for a man to cover his head when praying or prophesizing.

It is equally disgraceful for a woman not to cover her crown of glory (her head) when praying or prophesizing. 

“Prophesies” are not necessarily a prediction of the future.

•      The word prophesies found in Vv. 4,5 was translated from the Greek word prophēteuō, G4395 a verb.

•      The primary meaning of prophēteuō is telling forth the Divine counsels, e.g., Mat 7:22; 26:68; 1Cr 11:4, 5; 13:9; 14:1, 3-5, 24, 31, 39; Rev 11:3

•      Is all prophesies always of divine origin?

•      NO! refer to  Jer 14:14

•      The word prophesies written in V. 4,5 with the phrase “or prayer.”

•      It is assumed that Paul is referring to divine inspired prophesies in this section.

•      In prophesizing is giving mankind God’s word.

•      Therefore sacred and holy giving the glory to God.

•      Prayer is talking to God and therefore is also sacred and holy.

•      Verses 9-10 are challenging to interpret.

•      Man was created by God for His purpose.

•      Woman was created from man (Adam) as a helper and mate for the man Gen 2:18.

•      The man was to keep his hair short in reverence and subjection to God as his head.

•      The woman’s head/hair shows she is under the authority of her husband.

•      The evidence (hair) of being under the man’s authority is for the angels to see.

•      There were angels in those days who found human women sexually attractive (Gen 6:4; Num 13:33).

•      As we have stated, man is under the authority of creator God.

•      The woman is under the authority of her husband; it was this way from the beginning.

•      Therefore all come under the authority of the creator God with the spiritual authority given to the man.

•      However, when a woman prays or prophesies, she does so independently of any man including, her husband

•      Therefore, she must cover her head (hair) in reverence to God when praying or prophesizing.

This section is controversial and must be taken in the context of the practices of Corinth's pagan religions.

•      The Holman Christian Study Bible gives us insight into the relationship of head covering and the pagan culture of Corinth.

•      “There were problems when the Christians at Corinth met for *worship. Paul probably learned that from Chloe’s servants. First of all, they did not agree on the way that men and women showed their respect to God.” 

WHERE DO WE STAND WITH OUR INTERPRETATION

“The HCSB Study Bible”

Jamieson Fausset and Brown

1^st Corinthians 11

Verses 17-26

The Lords Supper

"In memory of the Saviour's love,

We keep the sacred feast,

Where every humble contrite heart

Is made a welcome guest,

"By faith we take the bread of life,

With which our souls are fed;

And cup, in token of his blood

That was for sinners shed.“

This section is broken into two paragraphs, with the following key phrases to investigate further.

•      “there are divisions among you V. 18

•      it is necessary that there be factions V. 19

•      that those who are approved may be recognized V. 19

•      not to eat the Lord's Supper V. 20

•      Don't you have homes in which to eat and drink? V. 22

•      Or do you despise the church of God and humiliate those who have nothing? V. 22

•      For I received from the Lord what I also passed on to you V. 23

•      and when he had given thanks, broke it … my body, which is for you

•      V. 24

•      Do this in remembrance of me

•      the cup, after the bread V. 25

•      new covenant in my blood

•      Do this, as often as you drink it,

•      eat this bread and drink the cup

In our interpretation, we will look at each of these key phrases.

•      “there are divisions among you”

•      The word divisions is plural, which means there was more than one point of contention within the church.

•      From our studies of 1^st Corinthians chapter one of church divisions stemmed from declaration of allegiance (1Cor 1:10-17).

•      Now Paul addresses the second point of division, they were making the LORDS supper a time of fellowship within their pear group.

•      Paul speaks of the necessity of having two factions (V. 19).

•      Those approved.

•      Those who were appointed as elders and teachers.

•      Our assumption is that Paul was the earthly approving authority.

•      Those who were to be taught by those approved.

•      We know from 1Cor 1: 10-13 that Paul received a report of strife and subsequent division in the church.

•      It is reasonable to assume that Paul has already addressed the root problem; he now was addressing a subsequent issue.

•      From the paragraph context, it appears that there was a division on the “Lord’s supper”

•      The word Lord in Greek Kyriakos g2960.

•      koo-ree-ak-os'; from G2962; belonging to the Lord (Jehovah or Jesus):—Lord's.

•      Supper in Greek deipnon g1173 a neuter noun meaning the main meal of the day.

•      It seems as though the church was using the Lords supper's liturgy as a main meal.

•      They missed the pronoun “this” in verse 26.

•      Paul says that when they partake of the liturgy of eating the bread and drinking the cup, it is to be treated as a sacrament not, as a meal unto itself. See also V20

•      “Do this in remembrance of me”

•      Clearly this command from Jesus was to make the drinking of the cup and the eating of the bread special.

•      It was not meant to be a meal rather an observance.

•      It seems that the church had lost the meaning of the Eucharist [n1].

•      Why the cup after the bread?

•      The author sets these two elements of the Communion table apart from the usual Passover meal by using the article “the”.

•      The bread comes before the cup because Jesus suffered degradation, next the breaking of His flesh by the scourge and finally the piercing of His body on the cross.

•      Without these actions His blood would not have been shed.

•      The redemptive act of shedding His blood was continual throughout his ordeal but was finished on the cross.

•      Therefore the cup comes last in the remembrance of  God’s Lamb.

•      “New covenant in My blood.”

•      The old covenant was the Abrahamic covenant was sealed animal’s blood (Gen 15:9).

•      Involving Israel exclusively, whereas the new covenant tenants were sealed with Christ’s blood.

•      Promises of God.

•      The promise of atonement for our sins.

•      The promise of personal resurrection to eternal life.

•      To receive these tenants require faith and:

•      Repentance of individual sins (Act 2:38).

•      Acceptance of Jesus as your sacrifice (Jhn 1:29, 36).

•      Belief that Jesus is the Christ the risen Son of God (Mar 1:1

•      Paul lays out in general terms the requirements of salvation in Rom 10:9-13.

WHAT DO OTHER THEOLOGIANS SAY?

Holman’s Study Bible¹

Commentary by A.R. Fausset [n4]

1^st Corinthians 11

Verses 27-34

Self-examination

Paul calls for soul searching.

•      Looking at a few key phrases:

•      unworthy manner V. 27a

•      against the body and blood of the Lord V27b

•      examine himself V. 28

•      without recognizing the body V. 29

•      have fallen asleep V. 30

•      judging ourselves V. 31

•      judged by the LORD, we are disciplined V. 32

•      may not be condemned with the world V. 33

•      he should eat at home V. 34

Now that we have identified key phrases, what questions need to be answered?

•      What was happening during this  period within Corinth and the church?

•      Had a plague struck the church as judgment?

•      Are we to examine our lives, how, and for what?

•      What does it mean to recognize the body?

•      What body is Paul speaking of?

•      How does the Lord discipline his children?

•      In verse 33, is Paul saying every time the church comes together to eat?

In our study's interpretation phase, we will examine each verse in light of the phrases identified and the questions.

•      have fallen asleep V. 30

•      To understand the metaphor fallen asleep ,we must see how this phrase is used elsewhere in Scripture.

•      sleep (10x), fall asleep (4x), be asleep (2x), fall on sleep (1x), be dead (1x).

•      NASB Strong's g2837 matches the Greek κοιμάω (koimaō), meaning dead.

•      judging ourselves V. 31

•      By what standard shall we judge ourselves?

•      We shall look within and remember the body broken for us and the blood freely given as an atonement for our sins.

•      Said simply; we should acknowledge Jesus, in our hearts, as the sacrifice for our sins.

•      Failure to remember the sacrifice of Christ before taking the bread and the cup, we bring judgment upon ourselves.

•      may not be condemned with the world V. 33

•      Our Lord disciplines those he loves (Pro 3:12).

•      The discipline spoke of in verse 33 to be given to correct sinful actions.

•      If these actions were not corrected, then the sinner would continue in his sin unto death.

What does it all mean?

•      What was happening during this time period to cause Paul to write this chapter?

•      We know from chapter one that there were divisions within the church.

•      Allegiance to different teachers.

•      Some followed the teaching of Peter and the kingdom of Christ.

•      Some followed the teaching of Apollos, who was eloquent in speech but was not an apostle (commission by Christ).

•      Some followed Paul, who taught salvation through faith plus nothing.  

•      Economic separation.

•      Corinth was a wealthy city chiefly because of its geographical location.

•      Some within the church were not wealthy.

•      Because some were poor in spirit and training, they participated in the Lord's supper as their main meal, a time of fellowship, missing its significance.

•      Had a plague struck the church in Corinth as judgment V. 30?

•      Ignorance, self-indulgence, and lack of reference were their plague.

•      Paul tells us those who God judges are disciplined (V. 31-32).

•      To avoid this discipline, Paul tells us to examine ourselves before we take communion.

•      Not all illness is God’s judgment.

•      Sin can bring about illness in the body, but not all illness in the body is a direct result of sin.

•      An example might be cancer.

•      How are we to examine our lives, and to what standard?

•      In Verses 27-33, Paul tells us to examine our souls to ensure that the significance of the bread and the cup are not lost.

•      Although Paul does not say here, this is also a time to search the soul for sin ^[n5] (1Cor 5:7).

•      Notice the article “the ⁿ² ” preceding the words bread and the cup telling us that the bread and cup are singular and special.

•      This article separates eating a meal from a reverent remembrance of Christ’s sacrifice.

 

•      What does it mean to recognize the body?

•      This is not just giving thanks for our daily bread.

•      We are to remember what Jesus did on Calvary.

•       Jesus was humiliated, scorned, and scourged with a flagrum⁴, and suffered death by crucifixion.

•      Jesus suffered that we may not suffer; He died in our place.

WHAT DO THE THEOLOGIANS SAY ABOUT

VERSES 27-34

Holman’s Study Bible commentary

A.R. Fausset

1^st Corinthians 11

Summary

Paul clarifies issues of concern. First that men should not cover their heads to reflect Gods glory on them when praying or prophesizing, while women should cover their head, when praying or prophesizing, to cover their glory. The second issue was of sharing in communion. Paul explains that when sharing the bread and the cup they are sharing in the body of Christ given for them and by drinking of the cup they share in the blood spilled for the remission of sin. Paul’s final that was about the need to look within, to search out anything displeasing to God and then to repent of that sin.

Bibliography

1. PHD F. Alan Tomlinson. Southern Baptist Theological Seminary. Holman’s Study Bible. Holman Bible Publishers. Database © 2010 WORDsearch Corp.

 

2. Vine, W. "Tradition - Vine's Expository Dictionary of New Testament Words." Blue Letter Bible.  Last         Modified 24 Jun, 1996. https://www.blueletterbible.org/search/dictionary/viewtopic.cf

“Get Catholic Answers.” Catholic Answers. Accessed October 6, 2020. https://www.catholic.com/.

3. The Search for Leaven - Jewish Voicewww.jewishvoice.org/read/blog/unleavened-bread-th…

4. flagrum - https://www.bible-history.com/past/flagrum.html

Notes & Credits

•      [n1] NOUN

•      the Christian ceremony commemorating the Last Supper, in which bread and wine are consecrated and consumed.

•      the consecrated elements, especially the bread. (Oxford dictionary)

•      [n2] “the is a definite article and would specify a single experiment” (Everyday English handbook by Leonard Rosen)

•      [n3] The word law in the context of this chapter refers to the law given to Moses.

•      [n4] Andrew Robert Fausset (1821–1910) was an Irish Anglican clergyman, now known as a biblical commentator. He was an evangelical preacher and author.

•      [n5] The day before the Feast, Jewish tradition calls for a search through the entire house to remove all leaven. Every cupboard, drawer, nook, and cranny is examined, and some families have even used a feather to clean out every last crumb. In the New Covenant, leaven is used as a metaphor for sin.